Biot Number Calculator

Free calculate the biot number to analyze heat transfer characteristics and determine if a body can be treated as having uniform temperature.

Input Parameters

For a sphere: radius/3, For a cylinder: radius/2, For a plate: thickness/2

Results

Enter parameters to calculate Biot number

Biot Number Formula

Formula

Bi = (h × L) / k

Where:

  • • Bi = Biot number (dimensionless)
  • • h = convective heat transfer coefficient
  • • L = characteristic length
  • • k = thermal conductivity

Interpretation

  • • Bi < 0.1: Lumped capacitance valid (uniform temperature)
  • • 0.1 < Bi < 100: Spatial temperature variation
  • • Bi > 100: Surface temperature ≈ fluid temperature

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