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Calculate Water Hardness
Enter Ion Concentrations (mg/L)
About Water Hardness
Water hardness is a measure of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. It's expressed in terms of calcium carbonate equivalent and affects water quality and usage.
From Ion Concentrations:
Hardness = 2.497 × [Ca²⁺] + 4.118 × [Mg²⁺]
From EDTA Titration:
Hardness = (C_EDTA × V_EDTA × 1000) / V_sample
From Conductivity:
Hardness = Conductivity × Conversion Factor
Hardness levels (mg/L CaCO₃):
- Soft: 0-60 mg/L
- Moderately hard: 61-120 mg/L
- Hard: 121-180 mg/L
- Very hard: >180 mg/L
Effects of Hard Water:
• Scale formation
• Reduced soap effectiveness
• Pipe corrosion
• Appliance damage
Water Treatment:
• Ion exchange
• Reverse osmosis
• Chemical softening
• Distillation
Understanding water hardness is essential for water treatment, industrial processes, and household water quality management.