bench press calculator lbs for lbs and wingspan
Calculate Osmotic Pressure
About Osmotic Pressure
Osmotic pressure (π) is the pressure required to prevent osmosis across a semipermeable membrane. It's a colligative property that depends on the concentration of solute particles.
π = iMRT
Where:
- π = Osmotic pressure
- i = Van't Hoff factor (number of particles per formula unit)
- M = Molarity of solution
- R = Gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))
- T = Temperature in Kelvin
Van't Hoff Factors:
• Non-electrolytes: i = 1
• Strong electrolytes: i = number of ions
• Weak electrolytes: 1 < i < number of ions
Applications:
• Reverse osmosis water purification
• Biological membrane processes
• Pharmaceutical formulations
Osmotic pressure is crucial in understanding biological processes, water treatment, and pharmaceutical applications.