variation of the boiling point by increase in altitude
Free calculate boiling points using vapor pressure, atmospheric pressure, and thermodynamic properties.
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Boiling Point Concepts
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
ln(P₂/P₁) = -(ΔHvap/R) × (1/T₂ - 1/T₁)
- • P₁, P₂ = Vapor pressures
- • T₁, T₂ = Absolute temperatures
- • ΔHvap = Heat of vaporization
- • R = Gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K)
Antoine Equation
log₁₀(P) = A - B/(C + T)
- • P = Vapor pressure (mmHg)
- • T = Temperature (°C)
- • A, B, C = Substance-specific constants
- • Widely used for organic compounds